i have never heard of a penicillin-allergic person cross-reacting with magic mushrooms.
the symptoms of a dangerous allergic reaction is you start to have swelling and (very dangerously) have difficulty breathing. epinephrine, usually administered in a deep tissue injection/muscle injection in the thigh, is the treatment for any allergic reaction of this nature.
approximately 5% of patients are allergic to penicillin as proven by skin testing, although the number of people reporting penicillin allergy is 10% (the increased number probably demonstrates that a large proportion of people are actually allergic to other pill-binding components; additionally, some people take amoxicillin or penicillin when they have mono and break out in a rash which is not an allergic reaction but rather an immungenic reaction resulting from specific viral interactions of the immune system: in short, if you have mono, were (mistakenly) prescribed amoxicillin and broke out into a rash, you don't have a penicillin allergy).
the rumors of mushrooms/penicillin allergies may have started with the above suggestion that penicillium mushrooms are the species that penicillin was discovered from by alexander fleming 80 years ago; initial usage of antibiotics was from harvesting the mold and administering it to patients (usually they didn't do so well). now we synthesize the molecule, named penicillin. however, people who are allergic to penicillin don't usually have mushroom allergy, even to the penicillium species. again, 5% of people have true penicillin allergy. 5% of the general population is not being rushed to hospitals because of mushroom allergy attacks.
magic mushrooms are not of the genus penicillium (they are a different genus and species such as psilocybe, panaeolus, etc).
bottom line, i don't think that there is any documented cases of penicillin allergy reacting due to mushroom ingestion. therefore, i would presume that ingesting mushrooms with a penicillin allergy is not higher than ingesting mushrooms without a penicillin allergy. however, i have not been trained in allergy/immunology and haven't heard of crazy, once-in-a-lifetime cases that only the specialists hear about. but again, if 5% of people have a penicillin allergy, well, that's a big enough population that cross reactivity with mushrooms has a reasonable chance to be discovered if it did exist. and it doesn't look like it's been reported in the literature.
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"We're losing the war on AIDS. And drugs. And poverty. And terror. But we sure took it to those Nazis. Man, those were the days." Glen Luther, Systems Analyst, The Onion
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